PuM — Action Baselines

June 22, 2026


PuM is a Minecraft agent with an explicit 3D voxel world model. The perception module predicts a 32×32×32 block grid from a single RGB frame; the action head (not yet added) will map that to keyboard + mouse outputs.

These are the pixel-only baselines, evaluated on 10 atomic block-interaction tasks from the MCU benchmark via MineStudio on an NVIDIA A100. Success = target item in inventory at episode end (programmatic). Max 600 steps. 10 episodes/task.

Results

Task VPT (BC) VPT steps Steve-1 Steve-1 steps ACT (BC) ACT steps
mine oak log0/1010/1050.80/10
mine stone2/1050.010/10213.01/10513.0
mine coal ore4/10114.06/10111.20/10
mine iron ore2/1060.05/10165.20/10
mine gravel4/1035.22/10102.59/10 ★96.7
mine sand4/10190.52/1029.05/10 ★32.0
mine dirt6/10181.210/10109.04/10137.8
navigate to water1/10400.00/10no demos
mine deepslate0/100/10no demos
mine diamond ore3/1068.70/100/10
kill zombie2/1076.55/10151.60/10
Total 28/110 50/110 19/90†

★ ACT beats both VPT and Steve-1 on gravel and sand despite training on only 633 demonstrations.
* ACT total excludes navigate_to_water and deepslate (no mine-block events in index); † also excludes kill_zombie (no combat demos).
Kill zombie: midnight, night_vision, Strength I + iron sword, zombie summoned 3 blocks ahead, max 400 steps. Success = kill registered in MineStudio kill_entity event.
VPT and ACT receive no goal input. Steve-1 receives the task name as a text prompt (MineCLIP). Mining tasks give an iron pickaxe; zombie task gives an iron sword.
ACT: frozen VPT-2x encoder + action-chunking transformer head (window=16, chunk=8), BC on 633 task-filtered VPT contractor demos.

Rollouts

One representative episode per task per model — shortest success, or best attempt if 0 successes. Click a task to compare all three models.

mine_oak_log — VPT 0/10 · Steve-1 10/10 · ACT 0/10

VPT (BC)
0/10 — best attempt
Steve-1
10/10 · 50.8 steps avg
ACT (BC)
0/10 — best attempt

mine_stone — VPT 2/10 · Steve-1 10/10 · ACT 1/10

VPT (BC)
2/10 · 50.0 steps avg
Steve-1
10/10 · 213.0 steps avg
ACT (BC)
1/10 · 513.0 steps avg

mine_coal_ore — VPT 4/10 · Steve-1 6/10 · ACT 0/10

VPT (BC)
4/10 · 114.0 steps avg
Steve-1
6/10 · 111.2 steps avg
ACT (BC)
0/10 — best attempt

mine_iron_ore — VPT 2/10 · Steve-1 5/10 · ACT 0/10

VPT (BC)
2/10 · 60.0 steps avg
Steve-1
5/10 · 165.2 steps avg
ACT (BC)
0/10 — best attempt

mine_gravel — VPT 4/10 · Steve-1 2/10 · ACT 9/10 ★

VPT (BC)
4/10 · 35.2 steps avg
Steve-1
2/10 · 102.5 steps avg
ACT (BC)
9/10 · 96.7 steps avg ★

mine_sand — VPT 4/10 · Steve-1 2/10 · ACT 5/10 ★

VPT (BC)
4/10 · 190.5 steps avg
Steve-1
2/10 · 29.0 steps avg
ACT (BC)
5/10 · 32.0 steps avg ★

mine_dirt — VPT 6/10 · Steve-1 10/10 · ACT 4/10

VPT (BC)
6/10 · 181.2 steps avg
Steve-1
10/10 · 109.0 steps avg
ACT (BC)
4/10 · 137.8 steps avg

navigate_to_water — VPT 1/10 · Steve-1 0/10 · ACT —

VPT (BC)
1/10 · 400.0 steps avg
Steve-1
0/10 — best attempt
ACT (BC)
no contractor demos
not evaluated — no mine_block events in index

mine_deepslate — VPT 0/10 · Steve-1 0/10 · ACT —

VPT (BC)
0/10 — best attempt
Steve-1
0/10 — best attempt
ACT (BC)
no contractor demos
not evaluated — no mine_block events in index

mine_diamond_ore — VPT 3/10 · Steve-1 0/10 · ACT 0/10

VPT (BC)
3/10 · 68.7 steps avg
Steve-1
0/10 — best attempt
ACT (BC)
0/10 — best attempt

kill_zombie — VPT 2/10 · Steve-1 5/10 · ACT 0/10

VPT (BC)
2/10 · 76.5 steps avg
Steve-1
5/10 · 151.6 steps avg
ACT (BC)
0/10 — no combat demos